Let's face it. If you're in a wheelchair, you're not going up a flight stairs. But it's not just for people in a wheelchair, anyone who has trouble walking can have some serious problems around stairs. So what do you do when you live in a home with steps and you can't get inside? You need a handicap ramp. In this article I'll explain the math and a few basic principles on designing your own handicap ramp.
Now I obviously can't tell you how to build a handicap ramp to fit your own steps due to the fact that everyone's home may be different, but what I can tell you is the basic math equations that you will need to build a handicap ramp according to the specifications of the standard building code. While each county and state has its own specific code required for building a handicap ramp, I will explain the southern standard building codes rules for a ramp. Remember to always call your local building department to verify your design and purchase any permits that may be required for a handicap ramp.
So lets start with some basic math first. To begin, you will need to find the height of your handicap ramp. Using a straight edge or a level, place it on top of the platform you are building the handicap ramp to. Hang it over the edge and measure down to the bottom of your platform. According to the southern standard building code, a handicap ramp must fall no more than one inch in height per one foot of length. This formula is the ideal for wheelchairs and other mobility devices.
Lets use the formula now on my porch. I measured down my steps at home and came up with the measurement of two feet. Now we need to multiply 24 inches by 12. 12 is the number of inches in one foot. Our answer is 288 inches. That means our handicap ramp must be a total length of 288 inches or 24 feet long. The formula is height x 12" = ramp length.
Now that you have the length of your ramp determined you will need to cut some stringers. Stringers are the long boards your ramp will be supported by. Your best bet for stringers are to use 2x12's made from pressure treated yellow pine. Yellow pine is the strongest structural wood there is. Measure the 2x12's to length and cut. Now mark one end to the height of the handicap ramp. You may need to place another 2x12 on top of the other to achieve the required height. Using a chalk box, snap a line from one end of the 2x12 to the other end that you just marked and rip cut the board using a circular saw.
Now you can use the stringers to build your ramp. You may need to notch the stringers around steps or other obstacles as needed. Attach supports between the stringers at least every 16 inches. Use at least 2x6's or larger for supporting the weight of people. For plywood, a good bet is to use at least ¾ inch or thicker. Using pressure treated plywood or marine grade is a real good idea for outdoor use, otherwise you will need to weatherproof it with paint or water seal. Good luck with your handicap ramp!
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